Congressional subopena

A congressional subpoena is a legal order issued by a committee or subcommittee of the United States Congress, which is a bicameral legislative body consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. A subpoena is a formal demand for the production of documents, records, or the testimony of individuals who may have relevant information regarding a congressional investigation, inquiry, or hearing.國會傳票是由美國國會的一個委員會或小組委員會發佈的法律命令，該委員會是由眾議院和參議院組成的兩院制立法機構。傳票是對出示文件、記錄或個人證詞的正式要求，這些個人可能掌握有關國會調查、調查或聽證會的相關信息。 Key points about congressional subpoenas include:關於國會傳票的要點包括： Purpose: Congressional subpoenas are typically issued as part of the oversight function of Congress. Committees may use subpoenas to gather information, documents, or testimony to investigate issues, conduct hearings, or make informed decisions on legislative matters.目的：國會傳票通常作為國會監督職能的一部分發出。委員會可以使用傳票收集資訊、檔或證詞，以調查問題、舉行聽證會或就立法事項做出知情決定。 Authority: Subpoenas are authorized by the U.S. Constitution's separation of powers principle, which grants Congress the authority to oversee and check the actions of the executive branch and other government agencies.權力：傳票由美國憲法的三權分立原則授權，該原則授予國會監督和檢查行政部門和其他政府機構行為的權力。 Enforcement: Failure to comply with a congressional subpoena can result in legal consequences. Noncompliance may lead to contempt of Congress charges, fines, or even imprisonment. However, enforcement can be a complex and politically sensitive process.執行：不遵守國會傳票可能會導致法律後果。不遵守規定可能導致藐視國會的指控、罰款甚至監禁。然而，執法可能是一個複雜且政治敏感的過程。 Types: There are two primary types of congressional subpoenas:類型：國會傳票有兩種主要類型： Subpoena ad testificandum: This type of subpoena compels an individual to testify before a congressional committee or subcommittee.傳票廣告作證：這種類型的傳票迫使個人在國會委員會或小組委員會面前作證。 Subpoena duces tecum: This type of subpoena requires the production of documents, records, or other tangible evidence relevant to the congressional inquiry.傳票：這種類型的傳票需要出示與國會調查相關的文件、記錄或其他有形證據。 Privilege: In some cases, the executive branch or individuals may claim executive privilege, attorney-client privilege, or other legal privileges as a basis for not complying with a subpoena. Such claims can lead to legal disputes that may be resolved by the courts.特權：在某些情況下，行政部門或個人可能會要求行政特權、律師-客戶特權或其他法律特權作為不遵守傳票的依據。此類索賠可能導致可能由法院解決的法律糾紛。 Legislative Process: Congressional subpoenas are issued by committee chairs or ranking members, and they are typically authorized by a majority vote of the committee. The subpoenaed party may challenge the subpoena through legal means.立法程式：國會傳票由委員會主席或高級成員發出，通常由委員會的多數票授權。被傳喚方可以通過法律手段對傳票提出質疑。 Congressional subpoenas are an important tool for Congress to exercise its oversight and investigatory functions, and they play a significant role in the checks and balances system of the U.S. government.國會傳票是國會行使監督和調查職能的重要工具，在美國政府的制衡體系中發揮著重要作用。