二战日军投降，中国要求日本赔偿， 是美国强迫蒋介石不准要求赔偿

日本对华赔偿问题战后几十年来一直成为学术界与当政者之间的争论话题。事实上，蒋中正对赔偿一事从未松口，他并且同意战后日本以实物作为赔偿的一部分。1945年8月15日蒋中正的为抗战胜利告全国军民及世界人士书中对战后日本的态度十分明确，他说，我中国同胞须知“不念旧恶”， 及 “与人为善”为我民族传统至高至贵的德性。我们一贯声言，只认日本黩武的军阀为敌，不以日本的人民为敌，今天敌军已被我们盟邦共同打倒了，我们当然要严密责惩他，忠实执行所有的投降条件。八一五的时候，他的宣言，说：我们要“与人为善”， 我们不是要复仇。以牙还牙，以眼还眼，但是日本人要根据波茨坦会议负责赔偿。而且委员长对这件事非常认真，非常重视，因为委员长和中国整个政府当时希望用这个赔偿的物资，振兴我们的中国的工业，蒋介石也冤枉的，他派的代表在日本跟日本人拍桌子大闹要求赔偿；是美国人，后来通知蒋介石，美国政府叫蒋介石不许要日本赔偿， 因为我们需要把日本重新建设起来，抵抗苏俄，你中国需要钱，将来我们美国给你，美国给了没有， 没有！后来一直到了韩战以后，美国才来美援，那些美援不是送给我们的，要照利息还的。 The issue of Japanese reparations to China has remained a topic of debate between scholars and political leaders for decades after the war. In fact, Chiang Kai-shek never softened his position on reparations, and he also agreed that part of Japan’s postwar compensation could be paid in goods and materials. In his August 15, 1945 address to the Chinese people and the world announcing victory in the War of Resistance, Chiang Kai-shek made his attitude toward postwar Japan very clear. He said that the Chinese people must understand that “not dwelling on past evils” and “treating others with kindness” are among the highest and noblest virtues of the Chinese nation. He stated that China had always regarded only Japan’s militarist warlords as the enemy, not the Japanese people themselves. Now that the enemy forces had been defeated jointly by China and the Allied powers, China would, of course, strictly punish them and faithfully carry out all the terms of surrender. In his August 15 declaration, he said that China should “treat others with kindness”; China was not seeking revenge, not “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” However, Japan still had to make reparations in accordance with the decisions of the Potsdam Conference. The Generalissimo took this matter very seriously and attached great importance to it, because both he and the Chinese government hoped to use those reparations materials to rebuild and revitalize China’s industry. In a sense, Chiang Kai-shek was also treated unfairly. The representatives he sent to Japan argued fiercely with the Japanese side, pounding the table and demanding reparations. But later, the Americans informed Chiang Kai-shek that the U.S. government did not want China to demand reparations from Japan, because the United States needed to rebuild Japan in order to resist the Soviet Union. The Americans told Chiang Kai-shek: China needs money, and in the future, the United States will provide it. But did America actually provide it? No. It was not until after the Korean War that American aid finally arrived. And even then, that aid was not simply given to China for free — it had to be repaid with interest.

EM1 means Effective Microorganism One

在农业领域里，“EM1”通常是指 有效微生物菌液第一号（Effective Microorganisms 1），这是由 Teruo Higa 在 Japan 开发的一种有益微生物混合液。它被广泛应用于：自然农法有机农业堆肥园艺畜牧业土壤改良 EM1里面有什么？ EM1含有许多有益微生物，例如： 乳酸菌，酵母菌，光合细菌，发酵菌类与其他有益微生物 这些都属于“好菌”，能够帮助改善土壤与有机物的生态环境。 农民通常会把EM1用水稀释，有时再加入糖蜜（molasses）活化后，喷洒在：土壤，作物，堆肥，畜禽，粪便，水池等地方。 为什么农民喜欢使用EM1？农民使用EM1，主要是为了改善土壤生态，并减少对化学农药与化肥的依赖。1. 改善土壤健康. EM1能增加土壤中的微生物活动。健康的微生物能够：更快分解有机物。 提高养分吸收。让土壤更加松软肥沃。2. 促进植物生长。有些农民发现使用EM1后：根系更强壮，叶子更翠绿，作物长势更好，产量提高。尤其是在长期使用化肥、导致土壤微生物受损的土地上。3. 减少恶臭与腐败。 EM1常被用于：堆肥场，畜牧场，粪便处理系统。因为它能促进“发酵”而不是“腐烂”，从而减少臭味。4. 加快堆肥速度。EM1能加速分解：树叶稻草厨余动物粪便。 因此能更快制成堆肥。5. 减少化学肥料使用。有些农民利用EM1来减少：化学肥料，农药，除草剂。不过效果会因土壤条件与管理方式不同而有所差异。 为什么叫“EM1”？ “EM”是 Effective Microorganisms（有效微生物） 的缩写。 “EM1”是原始浓缩菌液。 农民通常会把EM1与：水，糖蜜。混合后发酵几天，制成“活化EM”： Activated EM，AEM，然后再使用。 EM1真的有效吗？ 对此有不同看法。支持者认为：土壤更健康作物更强壮病害与臭味减少更符合永续农业理念质疑者认为：科学证据并不完全一致效果非常依赖土壤条件与管理方式有些效果可能只是因为增加了有机质 不过实际上，很多自然农法与有机农民仍然喜欢使用EM1，因为它成本低、风险小，而且操作简单。 活化EM（AEM）的常见制作方法 材料，1. EM1 原液。市售EM1。2. 糖蜜（Molasses）黑糖蜜最好。没有的话，也有人用：黑糖，红糖，黄糖。但效果可能略差。3. 无氯水。最好是：井水雨水放置24小时以上的自来水因为氯会杀死微生物。见比例。很多农民使用：EM1：1份糖蜜：1份水：18份。例如：EM1 1公升，糖蜜 1公升，水 18公升。总共约20公升。 制作步骤 第一步：混合。先把糖蜜溶于温水中（不要太热）。然后加入EM1。第二步：密封发酵。装入塑胶桶。注意：尽量减少空气，盖紧，但每天稍微放气一次。因为发酵会产生气体。第三步：发酵。放在温暖阴暗处。 通常：夏天：5～7天冬天：7～14天。怎样算成功？成功的活化EM通常：有酸甜发酵味。像酸菜、酵素、优格那种气味。pH 大约 3.5 以下颜色通常：黄褐色，深棕色。什么情况表示失败？如果出现： 臭味，腐败味，发霉（特别是黑霉、绿霉）pH太高 通常表示坏菌污染。 如何使用？土壤喷洒 常见稀释比例：1:100 ～ 1:500 例如：100 c.c. 活化EM，加10公升水 喷土壤或叶面。堆肥。可直接喷在：厨余落叶动物粪便。帮助发酵。除臭。很多农场喷在：猪舍鸡舍排水沟，减少臭味。为什么EM会有效？原理主要是：有益菌大量繁殖后，会压制：腐败菌部分病原菌 同时帮助有机物发酵分解。简单讲，就是：“用好菌去抢地盘。” In farming, “EM1” usually refers to Effective Microorganisms 1, a liquid mixture of beneficial microbes developed by Teruo Higa in Japan. It is used in natural farming, composting, gardening, livestock care, and soil improvement. What is inside EM1? EM1 contains living beneficial microorganisms such as: Lactic acid bacteria Yeasts Photosynthetic bacteria Fermenting fungi and microbes These microbes are considered “good bacteria” that help create a healthier biological environment in soil and organic matter. Farmers usually dilute EM1 with water and sometimes molasses before spraying it on: soil compost crops animal waste ponds Why do farmers use EM1? Farmers use EM1 mainly to improve soil biology and reduce dependence on chemicals. 1. Improve soil health EM1 helps increase microbial activity in the soil. Healthy microbes can: break down organic matter faster improve nutrient availability make soil softer and more fertile 2. Better plant growth Some farmers report: stronger roots greener leaves improved crop vigor higher yields especially when soil life has been damaged by heavy chemical use. 3. Reduce bad smell and rot EM1 is often used in: compost piles animal farms manure systems because it can reduce foul odors by encouraging fermentation instead of putrefaction. 4. Compost faster EM1 speeds up decomposition of: leaves straw kitchen waste manure This helps create compost more quickly. 5. Reduce chemical fertilizer use Some farmers use EM1 to reduce: synthetic fertilizer pesticides herbicides although results vary depending on soil condition and farming practices. Why is it called “EM1”? “EM” means Effective Microorganisms. “EM1” is the original concentrated microbial solution. Farmers often make a secondary activated form called: EM Activated Solution AEM (Activated EM) by mixing: EM1 molasses water and fermenting it for several days. Does it really work? There are mixed opinions. Supporters say: soil becomes healthier crops become stronger less odor and disease more sustainable farming Critics say: scientific evidence is inconsistent results depend heavily on soil and management some benefits may come simply from adding organic matter In practice, many organic and natural farmers still like using EM1 because it is relatively inexpensive and low risk. Here are some common farming uses of EM1:

The difference between American and Indian

There is something very interesting about American margiis or acarya. When discussing philosophy, if they discover that your understanding or insight is higher than theirs, they suddenly stop talking and no longer want to discuss with you. From then on, they may even ignore you completely and stop exchanging namaskar with you. Indians are different. Several times, I discussed philosophy with teachers from the training center. Even if they realized that your understanding and insight were deeper or more advanced than theirs, they would still continue to interact with you, and you could even sense a trace of admiration from them.

kill 100,000 yound man in Singapore

During the Second World War, Japan invaded Singapore. More than 100,000 ethnic Chinese youths were taken out and executed by gunfire. 时间回溯到1975年。4月30日这天，西贡城内枪声逐渐停息，最后一架美国直升机从美国大使馆楼顶起飞，留下了那张后来广为流传的照片。数百名越南人拼命想要抓住直升机的起落架。越南战争以这样一种戏剧性的方式结束了。美国这个超级大国在付出了58000多名士兵的生命，耗费了近两千亿美元军费之后，最终选择了撤离。

how do you know people

i know how to read people. face reading. when BaBA saw me, he reconized me as an saint. He was so happy to see me. Anisha saw me she saw her anemy. so you know what Anisha is. She likes to gasip people. i saw some, not many people like gasip, the one who likes gosip, easily to be Anisha's friend.

This is exactly how I am.

This is exactly how I am. Right now, calm your mind. Put down whatever you’re holding. Stop scrolling through useless short videos on your cell. Stop listening to quack doctors talking nonsense. And stop letting medical checkup reports scare you out of your wits. Today I’m telling you this: if there is a crease on your earlobe, then you must carry a heavenly destiny. You are born with extraordinary fortune and benefactors who will protect you throughout your life. Don’t think this is just face reading. I’m telling you, this is rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, hidden within the I Ching. It is part of the laws that have governed heaven and earth for billions of years. It is an innate code carved into your physical body, a seal stamped on you by Heaven itself, ironclad proof that your life is destined to be extraordinary. Many people live their entire lives without understanding the signs on their own bodies. The moment they notice an extra crease on their earlobe, they panic. They search online, they ask doctors. The doctor takes one look and immediately says things like “poor microcirculation,” “arteriosclerosis,” “warning sign of heart disease,” or “risk of stroke.” They scare you so badly that you can’t eat, can’t sleep, and live every day in fear. What is this called? This is being blind with your eyes open. This is being deceived by appearances. This is begging for food while holding a golden rice bowl in your hands. Today I’m telling you: that neat crease on your earlobe is not illness, not disaster, not misfortune. It is the mark of your awakened destiny. It is a sign that your blessings have begun to unfold. It is the signal that your luck with helpful people is fully opening. It is proof that in this lifetime, you are destined to rise up, stand out, enjoy blessings, and accomplish great things. Now touch your own earlobe with your hand—that soft, thick piece of flesh. Touch it carefully, slowly, quietly. If you feel one crease, or even several clean, even folds, as though they were cut by a blade, then do not doubt, do not hesitate, and do not be afraid. You should congratulate yourself. You are not an ordinary person. You came into this world carrying a heavenly destiny. You were born with blessings and good fortune. In this lifetime, you are destined to have people protecting you, success in your endeavors, wealth to gain, and blessings to enjoy. All the suffering you endured, all the pain you carried, all the hardships you survived—every one of them was preparing the way for this mark today. All of it was meant to awaken the heavenly destiny sleeping within you.

731

“731”… What is 731? Have you heard of this “lab”? It was actually a facility that researched how to kill people efficiently and cheaply. Some countries still use these methods today. 731; As we knew The killing capacity of Japanese soldiers was astonishing, and their methods of killing were even more horrifying. In the past, we have had detailed records and accounts of the tragic events of the Nanjing Massacre and the “Three Alls Policy.” Such cruel and cold-blooded atrocities seemed to represent the very limit of human brutality. But what you may never have imagined is that, during the war, there existed an even more inhumane plot for mass killing. Under Japanese planning, this scheme was being carried out secretly. Had it succeeded, the harm it would have inflicted upon humanity would have far exceeded that of the Nanjing Massacre and the Three Alls Policy. “731” was the designation of a Japanese military unit devoted to researching bacteria and creating plagues as weapons to kill people. Its headquarters was located in a place called Pingfang, more than twenty kilometers south of Harbin in Heilongjiang Province. After Japan’s defeat in 1945, this “city of death,” occupying 36 square kilometers and containing more than 150 buildings, was demolished by Japanese military engineers in just three days. In the days before August 15, 1945, Japanese imperial forces destroyed the entire germ-warfare factory in order to erase all evidence of their crimes. During the demolition, the explosions could clearly be seen and heard from nearby areas, with flames lighting up the sky. At the same time, large numbers of animals were released. To wipe out all traces of their unspeakable crimes, the more than two thousand Japanese personnel who left Pingfang were forced to swear an oath: 1. To forget everything that had happened there and never speak of it for the rest of their lives. 2. Never again to associate with former colleagues. 3. Never to hold public office in the future. To this day, most former members of Unit 731 kept their oath and carried the secret to their graves. Yet a small number of Japanese participants, unable to bear the burden of conscience, eventually stepped forward to testify about the crimes they had committed. Much of today’s research on Unit 731 has been pieced together from their testimonies and surviving documents. Even so, what these individuals knew represented only a small part of the full story. The people who truly experienced the terror of 731 were more than three thousand Chinese victims, including a small number of Mongolians and Soviets. None survived the endless torment and torture; not a single person walked out of Pingfang alive. The evil of the 731 incident was not limited to the atrocities committed in Pingfang and elsewhere. After the war, because of political intervention and shameful deals among powerful nations, the entire affair was deliberately obscured and distorted for more than thirty years. Only in recent decades has the truth gradually been revealed. Faced with overwhelming evidence, we are forced to confront accounts almost too horrifying to read. To test the human tolerance for poison gas, a White Russian mother and daughter were sent into a gas chamber while doctors observed their reactions through a glass window. The mother threw herself over her child in a desperate attempt to protect her, convulsing until death. To study frostbite, test subjects were forced to stand barefoot in temperatures of minus forty degrees until their legs froze so solidly that striking them produced a wooden knocking sound. One surviving photograph of such frostbite experiments has become infamous. Researchers also confined infected individuals together with healthy people to observe and record the entire process of infection. Vivisection — experimentation on living human beings — was the fundamental method of Unit 731’s research. Because anesthetics could alter bodily conditions and affect experimental results, many victims were dissected alive without anesthesia. The scope of the 731 incident was enormous. After the war, the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and other countries produced countless investigations and reports about the case. It is difficult to present a complete picture in a short time, but one name must be remembered: Shiro Ishii. He was the chief planner, promoter, and executor of Japan’s biological warfare program. Shiro Ishii was born into a prominent family in Kamo Village, Chiba Prefecture. It was said that he was exceptionally intelligent from childhood, able to memorize books after reading them once. In 1922, he graduated from Kyoto Imperial University. Standing about 1.8 meters tall, Ishii was driven by intense imperialist ideology and joined the military as an army doctor. This was near the end of World War I. In 1925, twenty-nine nations met in Geneva and, on humanitarian grounds, agreed to prohibit the use of poison gas and biological weapons. However, the United States and Japan did not sign the agreement. Ishii believed that if a weapon was terrifying, then it must also be effective. He became increasingly obsessed with biological warfare research. In 1927, he earned a doctorate in pathology and bacteriology and married Toshiko, the daughter of the university president Araki. Afterward, Ishii traveled at his own expense through nearly thirty countries in Europe and America. Witnessing the military and scientific achievements of the Western powers only strengthened his determination to develop biological weapons for Japan. Upon returning home, he vigorously promoted his germ-warfare plans, claiming that all major Western nations were secretly conducting similar research. According to scholar Wu Tianwei, Ishii argued that biological warfare was highly effective and inexpensive — “the poor man’s atomic bomb,” ideally suited to Japan’s national conditions. Soon he gained support from army officials, including Nagata and Araki Sadao, and began small-scale research at the Epidemic Prevention Research Laboratory of the Army Medical School in what is now Shinjuku, Tokyo. After the Mukden Incident, Ishii established a facility at Beiyinhe, northeast of Harbin, under official orders from the Japanese Army Ministry to develop biological weapons. During this period, the unit publicly operated under the name “Kwantung Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department.” The unit invented the Ishii-style water filter, which solved drinking water problems for the army and even earned imperial praise. In reality, Ishii devoted his entire life to two subjects: plague and water quality. The horrifying contradiction was that he kept the beneficial results for himself while using the destructive applications against others. Ishii worked tirelessly to cultivate powerful connections and promote himself. By 1936, one year before the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, his efforts paid off. According to Wu Tianwei, Emperor Hirohito ordered the expansion and renaming of two biological warfare units: one became Unit 100 in Changchun’s Mengjiatun area, while the other expanded near Harbin at Beiyinhe. Hirohito reportedly also provided Ishii with 250,000 yen in funding. Later-discovered documents revealed the official paper trail behind these funds. Supported by these authorizations and seals, Ishii launched his machinery of death. By 1941, when the unit was officially designated as “Unit 731,” the organization publicly known as the Kwantung Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department had already grown to more than three thousand personnel. Later interviews in Tokyo included testimony from former Unit 731 member Yoshio Shinozuka. Yoshio Shinozuka: I was once a member of Unit 731. On May 12 of that year, I arrived in Harbin, at a place called “Pingfang,” about 25 kilometers south of the city. The area had been designated as a special military zone. Our unit was commonly known as the Ishii Unit, and later renamed the Kamo Unit, or Unit 731. Although these names were used internally, externally it was uniformly referred to as the Kwantung Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department. In reality, however, “Pingfang” was continuously producing large quantities of pathogens and conducting research on cultivating bacteria for the purpose of launching biological warfare. Later, it went even further by carrying out live human experiments. It truly could be described as a highly advanced industrial city with fully developed scientific facilities. It included massive R&D institutions, manufacturing plants, and land and air transportation systems. But what deserves particular attention are the Fourth Division, responsible for production, and the First Division. I mainly belonged to the research department. As I mentioned, most of the people in the First Division were university professors, associate professors, lecturers, and teaching assistants. These individuals were gathered and organized into that department, where many major experiments were conducted. There is absolutely no doubt about this. According to statistics, beginning in 1938, Shiro Ishii used military orders to recruit more than one thousand outstanding scientists from famous universities throughout Japan to participate in this killing program. Even so, Ishii’s problems were not easily solved. Causing death with bacteria was one thing; using bacteria effectively as weapons for killing was another. He needed to determine which bacteria were most effective, how to cultivate them, package them, transport them, and spread them as epidemics in order to achieve the greatest lethal effect. This entire chain of technical problems was efficiently answered through live human experimentation. Ishii understood very clearly that these acts were inhumane, which is why he referred to the square building at Pingfang as “the secret within secrets.” 筱冢良雄: 我过去是731部队的队员，在那一年的5月12日来到哈尔滨，地点是在哈尔滨以南25公里处的“平房”。那里被设为特别军事区。我们这个部队一般通称为石井部队，后来又改称为加茂部队，731部队。虽然改成这样的名称，但是对外一致称为关东军防疫给水部。可是事实上，”平房” 是在不断大量制造病原菌，以及为了发动细菌战而进行病原菌繁殖的研究。后来更进一步对人做活体实验。确实称得上是一座设施完善的尖端科技工业城，这里包括了庞大的 R and D的机构制造工厂以及陆空运输设备。但值得我们注意的是第四部生产和第一部。我主要是负责研究的部门; 第一部如同我所说，大部分的人都是大学里的教授副教授讲师以及助教这样的人，将这些人集中组织起来在那个部门，曾进行过许多次的重大试验，这是绝对错不了的。据统计，从1938年开始，石井以军令征召了日本国内各知名大学的优秀科学家，一千余人参与这一项杀人计划。即使如此，石井的问题还是无法解决。因为细菌可以致人于死命是一回事，运用细菌杀人却是另一回事儿。他必须了解哪一种细菌最有效，如何培养怎么包装运送以及扩散变成病疫，进而达到最佳的杀人效果。这一连串的技术问题，石井都从活体实验中有效率地得到了解答。他十分清楚这是违反人道的行为，所以称“平房”的四方楼为秘密中的秘密。